Hidayət Məmmədzadə: "The number of people with diabetes or at risk of diabetes in Azerbaijan is more than 1 million"
“Consanguineous marriages increase the risk of genetic diseases"
"Thyroid gland problems are observed in 30-40 percent of women"
The first honorary member from the Republic of Azerbaijan of the Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, physician-endocrinologist Hidayət Məmmədzadə gave an extensive interview to Modern.az website.
We present the interview with him:
- What are the most common endocrine diseases in Azerbaijan and what are their main causes?
- Endocrinological diseases are quite widespread in Azerbaijan. However, a large part of society is unaware of these problems. In many cases, people consult various doctors, and only come to an endocrinologist after the disease has worsened. Among endocrine diseases, the most widespread is diabetes mellitus. It is now almost possible to encounter this disease in every family. According to the International Diabetes Federation, the number of diabetes mellitus patients in Azerbaijan has reached approximately 715.3 thousand people. In addition, there are thousands of people unaware of their illness, and they only seek medical attention after complications arise. According to statistical data, approximately one in every 10 adults worldwide has diabetes mellitus. In this regard, the prevalence of the disease in our country is also quite high. After diabetes, one of the most common diseases is thyroid gland diseases. Especially in approximately 30-40 percent of women of reproductive age, problems related to the thyroid gland are observed. Autoimmune thyroiditis, especially Haşimoto's disease, and problems known as goiter among the population are widespread in our country. Furthermore, problems known as osteoporosis and commonly referred to as bone thinning are also included in the list of endocrine diseases. Although this problem is mostly observed in women during menopause and elderly men, it is also encountered in young people in some cases. In general, endocrinology covers a very wide area related to the hormonal system. This includes diabetes mellitus, thyroid gland, osteoporosis diseases, as well as pituitary and adrenal gland diseases, metabolic, electrolyte disorders, obesity, some genetic syndromes, cholesterol metabolism diseases, as well as sexual-hormonal problems related to gonads, etc. This field also includes the male reproductive system, female hormonal diseases, ovarian and parathyroid gland diseases. We mainly deal with patients who have severe and complicated conditions. We strive to make a correct diagnosis for each patient, prescribe effective treatment, and, if necessary, conduct screening examinations of family members. One of the most important aspects of endocrinological diseases is follow-up. That is, the work does not end with diagnosing the patient and prescribing treatment. It is essential to regularly monitor the effectiveness of the treatment, how hormone levels change, and the patient's condition. In this field, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up are closely related processes.
- Mr. Hidayət, you recently became the first Azerbaijani endocrinologist to deliver an oral presentation at the 40th International Congress of Gynecological Endocrinology in Rome. In your opinion, what does participation in such international platforms promise for the recognition and development of our country's medical science on international platforms?
- The congress held in Rome, the capital of Italy, was one of the influential events on a global scale. From March 4 to 6, more than 3,000 doctors from various countries around the world, interested in gynecological endocrinology and sexual endocrinology in general, participated in the congress. The Azerbaijani delegation was also represented at that event. The main advantage of such congresses is that we get acquainted with the latest protocols, listen to the speeches of leading world experts, communicate, and conduct live discussions with them. This is important for our professional development, as well as for the treatment of Azerbaijani patients with a more accurate and modern approach. I presented 6 rare clinical cases at the congress where we made correct diagnoses and achieved successful treatments. All of these were real Azerbaijani patients and described very interesting, rare, and at the same time, difficult syndromes. One of these clinical cases attracted the special attention of the organizing committee, and they asked me to present it in an oral presentation format. I agreed and delivered the presentation. During the presentation, we exchanged ideas with specialists from various countries around the world. The audience included representatives from different nationalities - Greeks, Armenians, Italians, Germans, and other countries. We do not have political activities, but when speaking abroad, one inevitably feels like a representative of their country, like a diaspora, and bears the responsibility of representing our country appropriately. My presentation was about a rare clinical case related to 46, XX male syndrome. That is, we shared our experience with our colleagues regarding the diagnosis and successful treatment of a patient who was identified as male based on sexual characteristics but genetically had a female karyotype. This presentation led to extensive discussions at the congress and was met with great interest. My greatest success was that after the presentation, foreign colleagues, participants, especially the French professor who moderated the event, began to look at Azerbaijan's medical potential with different eyes. The organizing committee also specifically stated that no Azerbaijani endocrinologist had ever delivered an oral presentation at this congress before. This, in turn, was both a source of pride and a moment that increased my responsibility. To date, I have represented Azerbaijan at congresses held in more than 30 countries around the world. Nevertheless, speaking as the first Azerbaijani endocrinologist at this congress in Rome was a special pride for me. In general, participation in such platforms is very important for the integration of Azerbaijani medical science into world science. The works presented there are subsequently included in international medical search systems. This means that tomorrow, a doctor working in Brazil, Egypt, France, or another country, when searching on the internet, can see that such a clinical case has been investigated in Azerbaijan.
- Why is early diagnosis of hormonal disorders so important, and what symptoms do people usually overlook?
- In endocrinology, hormonal symptoms are very diverse and varied, so patients sometimes initially consult doctors of various specialties with these complaints. However, there are a number of symptoms that may be directly related to endocrine disorders. One of the most common complaints is unexplained fatigue and weakness. Symptoms such as hair loss, skin problems, brittle nails, and dry skin can also be associated with hormonal disorders. If such complaints persist for a long time, it is definitely recommended to consult an endocrinologist. In addition, problems related to weight are also important signals. In particular, unexplained weight gain in a short period or, conversely, rapid weight loss can indicate hormonal disorders. The problem of obesity or rapidly increasing weight in recent months also necessitates an endocrinological examination. Furthermore, problems with vision, dry mouth, frequent urination, frequent nocturnal urination, and persistent thirst can be indicators of diabetes mellitus. Individuals with such complaints must be checked for diabetes mellitus. Tightness in the neck area, a feeling of choking, discomfort, or pain can also be symptoms of thyroid gland diseases, and in such cases, it is important to consult an endocrinologist. Menstrual disorders, problems related to the reproductive system, and infertility cases are often related to hormonal causes in both women and men. For this reason, it is important for individuals facing such problems to undergo an endocrinological examination. In general, endocrine diseases cover a very wide area. Many conditions, from skin problems to weight changes, from menstrual irregularities to unexplained high blood pressure, can be related to hormonal disorders. Endocrinology is the upper branch of internal medicine and is closely related to almost all medical specialties. For this reason, the spectrum of complaints is very wide. The main issue is the timely detection of the disease. When people consult a doctor in time, we can make an early diagnosis, prevent the disease from worsening, and carry out treatment more effectively.
- In your speech at the International Gynecological conference, you also mentioned a number of rare syndromes. In general, what are the main reasons for the late diagnosis of genetic and hormonal diseases?
- The reasons are various. Sometimes patients seek medical attention too late. This is because they are unaware of the nature of the problem or that the symptoms are related to a serious illness. On the other hand, in some cases, doctors may also fail to detect the disease in time, which leads to a delay in diagnosis. For example, one of the clinical cases I presented was related to Turner syndrome, diagnosed late at the age of 34. Turner syndrome is usually a genetic disease, and in most cases worldwide, it is diagnosed either in utero or at an early age. However, in the patient I encountered, we detected this syndrome at the age of 34. The patient had consulted us due to high diabetes mellitus. One of the points that caught my attention during the examination was her very short height, 1.34 cm. During investigations, it was found that the patient had not menstruated after the age of 19. That is, she had menstruation for a few years, and then it completely stopped. As a result of genetic analyses, the diagnosis of Turner syndrome was confirmed. In fact, detecting a disease like Turner syndrome at the age of 34 is not normal. Women with this syndrome often experience early menopause and various reproductive risks increase. This fact once again shows that the patient's late consultation and, in some cases, the failure of previously consulted doctors to recognize this disease can lead to a late diagnosis. For this reason, it is necessary to examine the patient comprehensively and make a correct diagnosis. When necessary, consulting with doctors from other specialties and applying a multidisciplinary approach is very important. The main goal is not to harm the patient. From the time of Hippocrates to the present day, one of the main principles of medicine is the motto "first, do no harm." A timely diagnosis can truly save lives. Early diagnosis is of great importance, especially in genetic syndromes. This is because endocrine and hormonal disorders are also observed in a large part of genetic diseases. These problems are indeed very widespread in our society, and therefore it is important to approach patients with a broader, complex approach and conduct treatment based on this principle.
- How do you assess the diagnostic capabilities for detecting hormonal and genetic diseases in Azerbaijan? What innovations are needed in this field?
- On the one hand, this is a very painful question. This is because the number of genetic diseases in our country is quite high. One of the main reasons for this is the widespread practice of consanguineous marriages in our society for many years. Consanguineous marriages significantly increase the risk of genetic diseases. Frankly speaking, such marriages can be found in many families – in the families of our ancestors, uncles, and aunts. This is one of the factors that increases the likelihood of genetic diseases emerging. From a medical point of view, consanguineous marriages are not considered desirable. This is because blood diseases, various genetic syndromes, as well as hormonal and endocrine diseases are more likely to appear in such marriages. On the other hand, there are also certain problems in the issue of early diagnosis. Sometimes doctors may not immediately recognize these diseases. Therefore, the main goal should definitely be to instill an idea in society. Even if a person feels healthy, they should undergo a preventive examination at least once a year. For example, problems such as vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance are currently widespread among the population, especially among children. Often people are unaware of these problems and only seek medical attention when the disease has already progressed to a severe stage. However, it is possible to detect and prevent these problems, for example, diabetes mellitus at the prediabetic stage. Therefore, early diagnosis is of great importance. Especially individuals belonging to the genetic risk group – that is, children born from consanguineous marriages and people growing up in such families – should be careful with examinations. They should approach preventive check-ups more sensitively and regularly monitor their health.
- Why are hormonal disorders and thyroid gland problems more prevalent in recent years?
- There are several important reasons for this. Firstly, people's eating habits have changed today. Ready-made foods, fast food, and products with artificial additives have increased. Interest in natural and organic nutrition, however, has decreased. Yet, nutrition plays a direct role, especially in diabetes and metabolic diseases. The second important factor is physical inactivity. A sedentary lifestyle, excessive use of cars, staying away from fresh air, and reduced physical activity lead to an increase in hormonal diseases. The third issue is closely related to the digital lifestyle and disrupted sleep patterns. People live amidst phones, tablets, computers, Wi-Fi, and high technological overload in general. Therefore, it is important to do a "digital detox" from time to time.
- It is noted that hormonal problems are increasing among young women. Is this related to lifestyle, nutrition, and stress?
- As a doctor, I can say that every week I encounter cases of thyroid cancer in young women, even schoolgirls and university students. This, of course, worries us as doctors. It is very important to stay away from ready-made foods, fast food, and other artificial packaged foods. I particularly believe it is important to consider the possible negative effects of mobile radiation related to thyroid diseases. The increase in thyroid nodules and even cancer cases at a young age should make us seriously reflect. In addition, chronic stress, disrupted sleep patterns, staying up late, insufficient exposure to sunlight, and environmental pollution also negatively affect hormonal balance. Humans should biologically live in rhythm with nature. However, we are increasingly moving away from this. Staying awake until 1, 2, or 3 AM leads to insomnia, stress, hormonal disorders, and especially an increased risk of obesity. All these lifestyle changes ultimately increase the likelihood of various diseases. Therefore, healthy nutrition, physical activity, proper sleep patterns, and balanced use of technology are very important for human health.
- What is the role of endocrine problems in cases of infertility in women, and to what extent are these problems treatable?
- Giving birth to a child, becoming a mother, is every woman's right. In fact, pregnancy is a physiological process. Simply being under medical supervision helps to carry out this process more safely and controllably. Of course, hormonal health is very important for this. For example, if a woman with diabetes mellitus wants to become pregnant, she must definitely plan the pregnancy in advance by consulting a doctor. The same rule applies to women with thyroid problems. In such cases, pregnancy must be planned and monitored under medical supervision. This issue is not only related to women's health but also very important for men's health. We definitely recommend that individuals experiencing infertility problems undergo an endocrinologist's examination. The hormonal status should be checked in both partners. If a problem is detected, there are ways to treat it. In modern medicine, assisted reproductive technologies have developed sufficiently, and in many cases, it is possible to achieve pregnancy. The main issue is the timely detection of the problem and correct diagnosis. The causes of infertility can be various. Thyroid gland diseases, hormonal problems related to gonads, obesity, adrenal gland, and pituitary gland diseases are among them. Sometimes diseases like Cushing's syndrome can also cause infertility. For example, I remember a patient from my own experience. She had consulted a gynecologist for years due to infertility several times, but the cause of the problem had not been identified. During examinations, she was diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome. The patient became pregnant just 1 month after surgery. Yet, she had been experiencing infertility for years. This once again shows that correct diagnosis and proper treatment play a very significant role. Sometimes, people cannot have children for many years simply because the problem was not detected in time. However, after the cause is identified and treatment is carried out, pregnancy can occur normally. Therefore, couples experiencing child problems, facing infertility, whether women or men, should undergo an endocrinologist's examination at least once, have hormonal analyses done, and definitely seek specialist advice. I can give you dozens, hundreds of examples like this.
- What risks can long-term use of hormonal preparations, especially oral contraceptives, pose, and can these preparations be used without medical supervision?
- In fact, no medicine, not even ordinary vitamins, should be taken without medical supervision. People sometimes consider vitamins harmless and take them on their own, but this is also incorrect. All medicines, including minerals and vitamins, should be taken with a doctor's advice. For example, oral contraceptives belong to a high-risk drug group, and their intake must be under medical supervision. Incidentally, one of the clinical cases I presented at the Women's Endocrinology Congress in Rome was related to a stroke that occurred in a 39-year-old woman after taking oral contraceptives. This clinical case was met with great interest by the congress participants. The woman was 39 years old and smoked. The risk of stroke is already high in people who smoke. During investigations, it was found that the patient was taking contraceptive preparations. However, taking such medications at this age, and especially in women who smoke, is risky. Oral contraceptives can increase the risk of stroke. In addition, in some cases, this group of drugs is also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Therefore, the intake of contraceptives must be carried out under medical supervision, and after a certain age, they should either not be given at all or should be applied under strict examinations and control. On the other hand, there is the issue of hormone replacement therapy. Among the public, these are sometimes called goiter medications. For example, there are cases of administering thyroid gland hormones or adrenal gland hormones. In such cases, the physiological hormones that are deficient in the p are actually replaced. However, these medications must also be taken under medical supervision.
In medicine, there is such a principle: the main difference between medicine and poison is the dose. The medicine must be given in the correct and appropriate dose. For this, the patient must undergo certain examinations and analyses. Doctors determine the dose of the medicine based on the results of these analyses and conduct control at certain intervals. For example, when thyroid hormones are prescribed, their dose is determined according to laboratory results and checked regularly. Unfortunately, we also encounter cases where uncontrolled drug intake leads to serious complications. I recently encountered such an incident. A calcium preparation was prescribed to a patient after thyroid surgery. However, the patient took this medicine uncontrollably for a long time and did not go for any examinations. As a result, an excessive increase in calcium occurred in the p, which led to kidney failure. Such cases greatly concern us as doctors. Therefore, we always advise patients not to take any medicine without a doctor's advice and supervision.
- Some genetic syndromes are only detected in adulthood. What medical examinations are important for the early identification of these conditions?
- Medical check-ups, i.e., preventive examinations, are very important. However, the plan and scope of these examinations must definitely be determined by a doctor. This issue is particularly sensitive among adolescents. If children have any complaints, they can first consult a pediatrician. If the pediatrician suspects any endocrine problem, they must definitely refer the patient to an endocrinologist. In general, a multidisciplinary approach is very important in medicine. That is, each doctor knows their field better. If I see a kidney-related problem in any patient, I refer them to a nephrologist; if I see a heart-related problem, I refer them to a cardiologist. Because the main goal is not to harm the patient and not to overlook possible diseases. I cannot know a gynecologist's work as deeply as they do, and similarly, a gynecologist cannot know endocrinology as well as I do. Therefore, when necessary, the patient must definitely be consulted by a doctor of the appropriate specialty, and advice should be given.
Adolescence is a very sensitive and important period. Many genetic syndromes and hormonal diseases emerge precisely during this period. Therefore, parents should be particularly attentive to this issue. For example, if children have short stature, timely examination is very important. After bone age closes, treatment options become very limited, and valuable time is considered lost. At the same time, there are diseases such as congenital hypothyroidism. If this disease is not detected in time, it is already too late when the child consults a doctor at a later age. This is because brain development is damaged at this time, and intellectual disability can occur. This is also important for the early detection of oncological diseases. Adolescence is considered a particularly risky and sensitive group. If children have any suspicious symptoms, parents should show them to a specialist without delay. For example, if menstruation has not started in a 14-15-year-old girl, if breast development is not normal, if there is a problem with sexual development, or conversely, if problems such as excessive hair growth have arisen, in such cases, an endocrinologist must definitely be consulted.
Another very interesting case in my experience was related to a male patient who learned at the age of 48 that he was genetically female. The patient had identified as male for many years. During investigations, it was found that he had a uterus and was genetically female. I medically proved this with analyses and examinations, we made a diagnosis, and comprehensive information was provided to the patient according to protocols. We present such cases at congresses, and they generate great interest among endocrinologists worldwide. In fact, these cases are the result of delayed diagnosis. If detected in time, the patient's life could have developed in a completely different direction. In such cases, not only a medical but also a social and psychological approach becomes important. Decisions are made, and appropriate support is provided, taking into account the patient's genetic characteristics, social life, and how they identify their gender. This field requires extensive observation and strong logic. To be an endocrinologist, one must also have a good understanding of internal diseases. There are certain standards and protocols in medicine. Regardless of where they work in the world, the treatment principles prescribed by doctors should not differ significantly from each other. But in medicine, there is not only the scientific side, but also the art of medicine. Medicine is an art and requires an individual approach to each patient. Each patient's condition is different and the doctor must correctly assess what they need. I should also note that in the clinical cases and presentations we provide, patient information is fully protected, no information about it is given, all of it is confidential. Medical secrecy is very important, and we only discuss the medical condition. We contribute to the global medical community, demonstrate what diseases Azerbaijani endocrinology and medicine deal with, and educate by sharing our experience.
- How many interesting and rare clinical cases have you encountered in your practice?
- I have almost 30 years of medical experience. During these years, I have examined thousands of patients, detected numerous complex and rare endocrinological cases, and treated severely ill patients. I have encountered various syndromes, different diseases, and diverse family and life stories. In such cases, information cannot be conveyed to the patient all at once. Everything must be explained very sensitively and in appropriate language. Sometimes there are cases where thyroid cancer is detected in a patient, but family members do not want the patient to know about it. In such cases, it is necessary to establish proper communication with both the patient and their family, and explain the situation gradually and in appropriate language. Among the patients I haven't forgotten, I can mention a very uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patient whom I admitted to the clinic a few days before the New Year in one of the past years. After admission, numerous problems were discovered in the patient, and the work did not go as planned. The patient was at risk of losing her leg due to a wound on her foot, and the treatment process was prolonged. At that time, I did not go on the vacation I had planned with my family to a foreign country. Because a person's life was more important than the payment I would make for the vacation. I stayed with the patient for 15 days. We sent the patient, a mother, home completely recovered, with her complaints gone, on her own feet, and her diabetes now under control. I never said a word to her or her relatives that would make them feel that I didn't go on vacation because of them, or that my family's plane tickets and vacation payments were wasted. I thought the patient might feel bad and be ashamed to come for controls. No one asked me to be a doctor. This is a profession I chose with love. I would not exchange the most sincere words my patient said to me, "Thank you very much, Doctor Hidayət," for any treasures. That woman is still alive today, more than ten years have passed. There was a couple at risk of divorce due to misconceptions related to a disease. I reconciled them, treated the disease, and they are still together today. Sometimes they come to say thank you (laughs). I have had numerous interesting, rare clinical cases and patients in my practice. In most cases, I can note the successful outcomes and positive results of the treatments. I always approached my patients with care and attention. I considered them a trust from God. Sometimes many of my patients are referred by my other colleagues, endocrinologists, who tell me about them. Their investigation requires a long time. Endocrinology is a very interesting and difficult specialty. I also remember a patient who came a few years ago, at the age of 26, in a very severe condition with thyroid crisis. According to medical literature, these patients have a mortality risk of around 60% even in the best medical centers. That patient of ours lives comfortably today, and we are friends.
When a 12-year-old girl presented with suspected toxic goiter, I saw numerous analyses and prescriptions for the patient. I fully examined the girl and concluded from my experience that such a disease was not present. During the investigation, it was found that her mother's goiter medication and the Biotin (which is a vitamin H complex) preparation prescribed by the dermatologist for her daughter were kept in the same box in the refrigerator, and the child unknowingly took her mother's medication because the boxes looked similar. I conducted an investigation like a detective, brought the medications from home. The child said she took medicine from that box sometimes, and from this box sometimes. The child had unknowingly entered drug poisoning, and no one had investigated this. We stopped the medications, and after a month, the complaints completely disappeared. I may have had countless patients like this. Every patient is a different life and story. I always loved and cared for my patients.
- How do you assess the situation regarding the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases in Azerbaijan?
- The number of such diseases is constantly increasing, and diabetes mellitus, in particular, is spreading very rapidly. The number of diabetes patients in Azerbaijan is quite high. It can be said that almost every family has at least one person with diabetes mellitus. Approximately one in every 10 people is a diabetic patient. If, in addition to officially diagnosed diabetes, cases of hidden sugar and prediabetes are also taken into account, the number of people with diabetes or at risk of diabetes in Azerbaijan is estimated to be over 1 million. This is a very serious indicator. Another major problem is obesity. Approximately 25-30 percent of the population in Azerbaijan suffers from overweight or obesity. This is one of the main risk factors for the development of diabetes. Sometimes we even say that one out of every two people we see on the street is either a diabetic patient or a candidate for diabetes. However, not all of these cases are reflected in official statistics. This is because many people do not consult a doctor and live unaware of their illness. The main reasons for this are changes in eating habits, physical inactivity, disrupted sleep patterns, chronic stress, and other factors related to modern lifestyle, including the impact of technology and mobile radiation.
- In recent years, there has also been much discussion about the impact of hormonal disorders on psychological well-being. How do endocrine diseases affect a person's psychological health?
- Such diseases are among the main factors affecting people's psychological state. The human p is primarily controlled by the brain, and many hormones are regulated precisely through the pituitary gland located in the brain. Therefore, the hormonal system and psychological state are very closely linked. People's social lives, various diseases, and general health problems can seriously affect the nervous system. In particular, some endocrine diseases directly affect the psychological state. For example, in people with hypothyroidism and other thyroid gland diseases, depression, weakness, and decreased motivation are frequently observed. Obesity, in addition to being an endocrinological problem, is also one of the factors affecting a person's psychological state. This is because excess weight sometimes creates aesthetic discomfort, which can affect a person's self-confidence and social life. Endocrine diseases and psychological problems are very closely related and often develop in parallel. Therefore, we doctors should not limit ourselves to physical treatment but also pay attention to the patient's psychological state.
- For young doctors and researchers, which directions are considered more promising in the field of endocrinology?
- Historically, endocrinologists have been known more as "sugar doctors" and were mainly regarded as specialists in diabetes mellitus. But in recent years, the situation is changing. The number of young doctors showing interest in other areas of endocrinology is also increasing. One of the most important issues is that those who choose this field must love their specialty. At least one advantage of the residents working with me is that they love endocrinology. People also love the field they know and understand. Endocrinology has very broad and promising directions. Especially pituitary gland diseases, osteoporosis, and hormonal problems related to gonads are considered promising directions that will further develop in this field in the future.
- In your opinion, what is the main factor that motivates a person to choose the medical profession? Financial gain, or the desire to serve people?
- It is true that the financial aspect is important for everyone. But medicine is not a profession chosen solely for making money. Medicine is one of the specialties in the world that requires the most study, the most effort, and achieves the highest scores during university admissions. People who choose this profession have a very high mindset, responsibility, and level of preparation. If the goal were only to earn money, people with such abilities could establish large businesses in other fields and earn much more. One of my other areas of activity is teaching. Over many years, I have trained a large number of residents in Azerbaijan. I have participated in the training of approximately 100 young doctors. A person who chooses medicine must definitely love people. It is impossible to continue this profession without loving the patient, loving people. The foundation of this profession is to help people and work for their health. Holding meetings, giving lectures, training young doctors, writing books, articles, and conducting research are already part of my routine life. Since it is a job I love, I never get tired of these. In 2017, I received the "Doctor of the Year" award established by Novo Nordisk company and the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, and in 2018, the "LANAVİCELLA" medal and certificate from the Italian Parliament, the Senate of Rome. To date, I have participated as a moderator, chairman, panelist, and speaker in dozens of events. I have given written e-posters and oral presentations in many foreign countries. I moderated the World Thyroid Cancer Congress in London (England-2023), and gave live presentations, shared our experience, and represented our country in Turkey, UAE, Russia, Italy, and other countries. In January 2026, within the framework of the AZƏRTÜRKDİAB program, in addition to my activities as the scientific secretary of the congress, we gifted the book "Diagnostic and Treatment Guide for Diabetes Mellitus 2026," which I co-authored, to Azerbaijani endocrinologists. This is a small part of my remembered activities, and I can say that whatever I did, I did with love and for our people.
- What misconceptions about hormonal diseases are most prevalent in society?
- There are many such myths. For example, some say that every diabetic patient should undergo a "system infusion" every six months. Or there are those who say that it is possible to treat goiter with leeches, frogs, or various alternative methods. Some even claim that tying amber can cure the disease. Unfortunately, such ideas are often aimed at deceiving people. Sometimes, people who present themselves as having discovered miraculous methods and make promotional speeches are encountered. I call such individuals "merchants of hope." They try to profit by giving people hope with methods not based on scientific evidence. If such miraculous discoveries truly existed, they would be proven by scientific research in medicine and applied worldwide. Unfortunately, such approaches are often not medical but rather commercial. Therefore, my advice to people is to consult only professional doctors regarding their health issues and entrust themselves to their supervision.
- In recent years, we observe that hormonal disorders in men, and especially the decrease in testosterone levels, are discussed more frequently. What are the main reasons for this, and from which age periods are such problems generally observed?
- That is correct. Hormonal problems can also exist in men, just as in women. One of the most common hormonal problems in men is hypogonadism. In this condition, the level of testosterone hormone decreases. Another widespread problem is gynecomastia, which is the enlargement of male mammary glands. Various factors contribute to the development of such problems. For example, in recent years, the uncontrolled use of artificial sports nutrition, protein powders, and especially testosterone-containing preparations has become widespread among some young people involved in sports. These preparations, used to quickly get the p in shape and increase muscle mass, can seriously disrupt the hormonal system. One of the main causes of hormonal disorders in men is improper nutrition and obesity. Excess weight not only seriously negatively affects the male sexual hormone system but can also lead to a decrease in testosterone levels. In addition, cigarette and hookah use, alcohol, various stimulating drinks, and energy drinks are also factors that disrupt hormonal balance. Disrupted sleep patterns and chronic insomnia also lead to the development of hormonal problems in men. In general, lifestyle, nutrition, harmful habits, and uncontrolled intake of preparations are considered the main factors seriously affecting the hormonal system in men.
- What is the role of endocrine factors in male infertility problems, and to what extent are these problems considered treatable?
- The problem of infertility, the inability to have children, is a very sensitive topic for families. If a couple cannot conceive after approximately 6 months of normal married life, then the issue needs to be investigated. In such cases, the hormonal profile should be checked first. In men, as in women, hormonal problems can cause infertility. For example, thyroid gland hormone disorders, problems in the sexual hormone system, and especially low testosterone hormone levels can be one of the causes of male infertility. Specific examinations and analyses are available for this. Therefore, one of the main issues in male infertility is the investigation of hormonal problems. If these problems are detected in time, it is considered possible to correct the situation in many cases with appropriate treatment methods. For this reason, couples experiencing child problems and facing infertility must consult specialists, undergo necessary examinations, and have their hormonal status checked.
- At what intervals would you recommend these examinations be conducted?
- If individuals wishing to be examined are not ill and feel healthy, an annual examination is sufficient. If everything is in order after the examination, the doctor determines the time for the next examination. In most cases, re-examination after 2-3 years is sufficient.
- So, after what age should one undergo examination?
- If there are no complaints or problems, preventive check-ups can start around 18-20 years of age. As age increases, these examinations become even more important. A preventive check-up examination is always a screening for early diagnosis. There are internationally accepted standards. For example, breast examinations are recommended for women over 40, and at least one gastroscopy and colonoscopy examination for people over 50. This is an approach already included in international medical protocols. Similar standards exist for endocrinology. Starting from a certain age, at least once a year, blood glucose determination, lipid profile, thyroid hormone checks, vitamin D analysis, etc., are of this kind.
- Do you also have child patients?
- Yes, of course. Children also consult us. But in this case, the main issue is whether there are complaints or not. The child's p has different characteristics. If there is no problem in the child, there is no need for special drug treatment. Many drug preparations do not have studies for children. Only lifestyle-related recommendations are given. Proper nutrition, physical activity, sleep patterns, etc., should be paid attention to. Among the most common problems in children, we can mention obesity, gynecomastia, diabetes mellitus, early-onset blood pressure, metabolic problems, short stature, prolactinomas, sexual problems, etc.
- So, what preventive examinations should women and men undergo to protect their hormonal health, and what should they pay attention to in their daily lives?
- I am perhaps one of the doctors in Baku who prescribes the fewest medications. I try to avoid medications as much as possible. I believe that a person's greatest "medicine" is a proper lifestyle and healthy nutrition. Our foods should be as natural and organic as possible. It is necessary to stay away from artificial foods and fast-food products. Sugar is a hidden enemy to an unimaginable extent. Precisely for this reason, avoiding sugary foods is also an important condition. In addition, preventive examinations are also very important. Everyone should undergo a general medical examination at least once a year. These examinations are very simple and accessible analyses. For example, heart examinations for men, breast examinations for women, checking female hormones, and ultrasound examinations are important. Because many diseases develop silently. For example, a person can live with diabetes for 10 years and not know about it. The same situation occurs with thyroid gland diseases. Therefore, preventive examination is very important, and everyone should undergo an endocrinologist's examination at least once.
- Have you had patients among officials, singers, and deputies?
- I have many patients among officials, deputies, and well-known figures from various fields. I simply believe it would not be appropriate to mention their names. This is important for maintaining confidentiality in doctor-patient relationships. Regardless of their identity, every patient, everyone, is dear and valuable to us.
- Has it ever happened that you shared a problem related to the healthcare sector with them, and that issue was raised and discussed in the National Assembly?
- Yes, such cases have occurred. Certain issues have been discussed and brought to the agenda from time to time. I have also tried to draw attention to some problems within my capabilities. In particular, we have shared our thoughts on the issue of drug provision for diabetic patients. In some cases, patients face difficulties in accessing certain medications, and older preparations are still being used. However, a transition to more modern and effective medications is important. In general, drug provision should be more accessible for widespread diseases such as diabetes and arterial hypertension. Azerbaijan has sufficient potential in this area, and I believe it is possible to make broader use of these opportunities. Raising such issues sometimes requires a certain courage, but the main goal is for our people to receive better medical care. I have also tried to express my opinions in this direction within my capabilities.
- Have you considered being represented in the National Assembly, or putting forward your candidacy for deputy?
- I have received proposals regarding this from friends and close circles several times. Frankly, I am very satisfied with my work. Dozens of seriously ill patients consult me every day, and I consider myself more useful in my activity as a doctor; I love my profession. Currently, I am an honorary doctor and a full member of more than 10 leading medical societies worldwide, and in Azerbaijan, I am represented on the board of two large societies (EDTTA, ANDOP). At the same time, I am a co-author of 5 protocol books (2 of which are in the Republic of Turkey). In addition, I have other activities in this field. Alongside being a doctor, I also engage in teaching and participate in the training of young doctors. Therefore, I think, if I were a deputy, who would continue these works? For now, I am not thinking about this.
- So, are you considering this in the future?
- It is difficult to predict the future. Anything can happen, life goes on. But for today, I have no such plans.
- So, do you have deputy friends or acquaintances?
- Of course, I do. For example, Ceyhun Məmmədov, the deputy of our Jabrayil district, is my classmate; we studied in the same class, I hold him in high regard, he is my childhood friend. At the same time, I know most of the deputies represented in the Health Committee. Many deputies, their relatives, and family members have been my patients. We have friendly relations with them, and discussions when appropriate. I can also mention my close friend, former deputy, esteemed Professor Rüfət Quliyev, and Rəşad Mahmudov, the deputy chairman of the parliament's Health Committee, etc.
- As someone who has been active in the medical field for many years, whose activity as a leader or minister would you highlight the most?
- This is a somewhat social and sensitive topic. The reality is that there are difficulties and also certain shortcomings in many areas. People's desire is very simple: to live well, receive quality service, and see their problems resolved. There are also points where we are dissatisfied. But the main issue is to eliminate these problems and for people to receive better service. I also share my criticisms and suggestions with relevant individuals whenever possible. Specifically, regarding institutions whose activities I am satisfied with, I would cite ASAN xidmət as an example. In my opinion, this institution is one of the successful models in Azerbaijan that provides comfortable, flexible, and quality service to people. It truly simplifies people's work and has established a service format that can be considered an example for many areas. There are also positive examples in other fields. But the general picture is that there is still much work to be done. Our people have gone through very difficult days, given martyrs, and experienced great pain. It is absolutely unacceptable to approach such a nation with indifference. In my opinion, the most correct way for a person to love their homeland is to perform their job conscientiously and professionally. A doctor must treat well, a teacher must teach well, and a minister must perform their duties appropriately. Of course, there are problems, everyone sees this, and the work done is also appreciated by the people. There is no ideal society, and it would not be right to expect everything to be ideal. Our people deserve to live the most beautiful life, receive the best social security, and have the best of everything in the world. Because they are very hardworking, talented, and love their homeland.
